Talk: Fred Hollows - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediafred hollows had two wives because his first wife died he re married. Sep 2. 00. 4 (UTC)OK.. Lord. Moo. Cow 7 July 2. UTC)Categorisation of Fred Hollows as an anarchist? Unsigned Comment made 2. July 2. 00. 6 by 2. Because he considered himself, and called himself, an anarchist, or more specifically an anarcho- syndicalist. See the quote from Chief Minister of the ACT, Rosemary Follett which should be cited as; Rosemary Follett, ACT Parliamentary Hansard 1. February 1. 99. 3. The citation was there originally but has vanished in the subsequent changes.- -Takver (talk) 0. August 2. 00. 8 (UTC).
How to Cite (1993), Fred Hollows. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology, 21: 63–66. I have put the citation back in. I am going to add him again to the Category: Australian anarchists - -Takver (talk) 0. August 2. 00. 8 (UTC)Please also see the Humanist of the year citation for him being cattegorized as an anarcho- syndicalist. There is also an anecdotal report by prominent aboriginal activist Gary Foley that Hollows participated in BUGAUP activities as published in a 1. Frederick Cossom 'Fred' Hollows, AC (9 April 1929 – 10 February 1993) was a New Zealand and Australian ophthalmologist who became known for his work in restoring eyesight for countless thousands of people in Australia and. HOLLOWS Australia web page Professor Fred C. Hollows AC was born on 9 April, 1929 in New Zealand and grew up in a tolerant Christian socialist family.He entered medical school after he discovered he was not. Age newspaper article here.- -Takver (talk) 1. August 2. 00. 8 (UTC). He was saying something like: . Apparently he used to back his car up to a hospital, steal a heap of equipment and take it to third world countries! Does anyone know of a reference for this or how we could incorporate it into the article if true? Donama 0. 7: 0. 9, 3 November 2. UTC)What school?? I have an assignment and i would appreciate it. He went to Palmerston North High school, I'm not quite sure about Primary school though. Happykid. 53. 6 0. March 2. 00. 7 (UTC)Whjy all thisa de- wikifying? Some to- ing and froing has happend but I don't see the general result is an overall improvement. While there is more information added and sources added, the result has been to undo the work of other wikipedians without explanation. I suggest new information be added constructively rather than obliterating past work without explanation. Cor Unum 0. 7: 3. July 2. 00. 6 (UTC) EDIT: Its says in the 3rd sentence in early life . Doesanybody know about that, or are there any references that particular piece of information? Thnx Happykid. 53. March 2. 00. 7 (UTC)This site includes a list of dates from his life, including when he became a citizen: http: //www. I'd rather not attempt anything without someone at my shoulder to correct my mistakes. Oh, please include the section on his original plans to become a missionary - this seems to be common (frex, Dr Barnardo) so anyone researching the shifts between missionaries and charity workers will want to know. Thanks for the tip.- -cj ? Betacommand. Bot 1. August 2. 00. 7 (UTC)On vandalism. The offender should be warned. I can't find a description of what to do when the vandal or vandals do not appear to reuse an IP address. The appropriate action in this case would be to semi- protect the page (i. I made a request at WP: ANI on March 3 but it was rejected with the response . Anyway, I have just made this new request as the last 1. Luke. HPark (talk) 0. November 2. 00. 9 (UTC)You are correct, and I've fixed the article. The article had it right up until an obvious vandalism on 3. August 2. 00. 7 which also changed to a different name. When the vandalism was reversed, the change of name was not noticed. On 2. 2 November, another editor repaired vandalism to the same section and restored the correct name, but unfortunately misspelled it.- gadfium 0. November 2. 00. 9 (UTC)Controversial? That may be right, or it may be wrong. But what is controversial about saying it? Isn't the sentence . Both references verified that Hollows had made the statements attributed to him, and both sources made it clear that not everyone agreed with him; but that's just a debate, not a controversy. Aspirex (talk) 0. June 2. 01. 2 (UTC)why he is a hero.
0 Comments
KEYS BACKYARD 2 PERSON SAUNA BS- 9. OWNER'S MANUAL Pdf Download. BS- 9. 20. 2 2 PERSON SAUNA OWNER’S MANUAL BEAUTY & SAUNA CONNECTION FOR INDOOR USE ONLY 1. VAC 1. 5 AMP DEDICATED CIRCUIT Enjoy Health And Beauty In Your Life! Sauna: the European secret for youthful vitality, now enjoy it for yourself! We recommend keeping this manual for regular review and future reference. Congratulations on your purchase of a Far Infra- Red (FIR) Dry Sauna from Keys Backyard. Please take a moment to read through some of the features and benefits of your new sauna. And remember to always consult your physician before beginning any sauna therapy program. REV. exposure to infrareds outside of overheating. WHAT WILL HAPPEN INSIDE – You will feel the heat being generated by the infrared emitters immediately. The wavelength of this heat will allow the rays to penetrate your skin and heat your body beneath the surface. This will excite the water molecules stored in the layer of fat just beneath your skin, and cause you to start to sweat. Safety Glass Door 7. Bench Heater Panel 1. Roof Vent TOOLS REQUIRED Screwdriver Ladder For easy installation, please distinguish each panel feature: All side, front and back panels have the molding toward the top. Assembly Instructions NOTE: Two adults are required for sauna assembly. FIGURE 5 2) BACK PANEL Set the back panel in place and lean against the wall while you locate the side panels. When the LEFT PANEL stands well, install the RIGHT PANEL in the same way. Push the bench all the way in until it can touch the BACK PANEL and is securely in place. Make sure of the bench position so that the smooth and finished side of the bench are facing up and forward. If you're looking for a hot tub or spa owners manual and can't find a. Some of the brands of spas we have owners manuals for are. Keys Backyard LA Spas Leisure. Keys Backyard Spa Parts. Icon-Image-Keys-Daybreak-ProForm-Weslo Spa Jets. Keys Backyard Spa Parts; Categories. Weslo Spas Discontinued. I HAVE A KEYS BACKYARD HOT TUB KB331DX WITH A Ec TROUBLE CODE. Go to your owners manual and look up economy/standard mode. JustAnswer.com.has seen a. KEYS BACKYARD KB120CA MSRP MODEL # KB120CA BRAND NAME: Keys Backyard PRODUCT NAME. Suction Owner's Manual SIZE: 20 SQ. Front Load (195107) Warning Signage. We offer inspiration with backyard ideas focused on hot tubs. Visit one of our local Sundance. Find the user manual you need for your lawn and garden product and more at ManualsOnline. MANUAL FOR A KEYS BACKYARD. Keys Backyard hot tub: Keys Backyard hot tub. Keys Backyard LP Manual? I believe Keys was bought out by Infinity Spas. Keys BackYard Spas WAS a part of Keys Fittness. Keys BackYard Spas WAS Owner's Manual keys backyard Hot Tub Owners Manual keys hot tubs. Emerald spa manual master spas owners manual. NOTE: Be careful of the SIDE PANEL wires while you place the TOP PANEL. The heater cables fit into cut outs aligned to the TOP PANEL (Figure 1. Failure to do so could damage the wires. Feed the control cable and CD connections down from the TOP PANEL through the long- shaped hole into the inside room. FIGURE 1. 9 FIGURE 2. FIGURE 2. 1 FIGURE 2. FIGURE 2. 3 FIGURE 2. FIGURE 2. 5 The CONTROL BOX is the control centre of the sauna room, it is installed on the TOP PANEL, with the input/output connections as below. Screw on the CD/radio cover box. Power indicator: Indicates the status of the sauna’s main power. Work Start/Stop: Press to control the working functions of the sauna. Work indicator: Indicate the working status of the sauna. Heat indicator: Indicate the status of heating functions. The temperature will increase or decrease I minute when you press one time. If you press the set- up button continuously for more than 2 seconds, the digital will change quickly. This value will be the set- up sauna temperature. If you don’t press the button in more than 5 seconds, the digital will stop flashing, set- up value will be memorized. EQ is balancer selection, press it to adjust audio frequency to get a good tone quality. MUTE is mute selection. Tips for Using Your Sauna 1) If you take a hot /warm shower or bath before your sauna session, you may perspire more and feel more comfortable. Exercise care before or after the sauna. Never sleep inside the sauna while the sauna unit is working. Do not use any type of cleaning agents on the interior of the sauna. Remove the lamp holder. Screw off the bulb gently. Replace a new bulb with same voltage and wattage if the bulb is bad, and screw down gently. Put on the TOP COVER and fasten the clamps. This Limited Warranty applies in the United States and Canada to products manufactured or distributed by Keys Backyard Products, LP (“Keys”) under the KEYS brand name. The warranty period on the Keys Infrared Sauna is limited to the original purchaser. The warranty period is as follows: One Year - Wood, Electronics, Heating Elements. RATO RECORDS: MARITZA FABIANI: ANTOLOGIA 1. Nascida em Pelotas (RS), filha de pai militar da Marinha e m. Com a mesma idade, passou a apresentar o programa . No selo, ela estreou em 1. No entanto, como a linha editorial da gravadora, naquele momento, apostava mais na MPB e nos tropicalistas, ela tratou de mudar- se para a CBS, a . O tecladista Lafayette, segundo ela, emprestou seu cl. Complete your Roberto Carlos collection. Download CD Jovem Guarda. Easy-Share RapidShare Oron JumboFiles Bayfiles. Jovem Guarda Ano: 1965 Artista: Erasmo Carlos. Abandona a carreira iniciada ainda na inf. Mas, como nada na vida da determinada Maritza Fabiani respeitou as regras pr. Em Outubro de 1. 97. Kris & Cristina, ela estoura no pa. Depois, a dupla integra- se ao nascente programa Chico City, de Chico An. Jovem Guarda; Lambada; MP3; MPB; M. 088 – Roberto Carlos / Jovem Guarda (1965) CBS – Tracks: 12 Playing time: 31:37.
The simplest form of virtual reality is a 3- D. More. sophisticated efforts involve such approaches as wrap- around display screens, actual rooms. Virtual reality can be divided into: The simulation of a real environment for training and education. The development of an imagined environment for a game or interactive story. The Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML). See also: augmented reality. See a video introduction to virtual reality. 15.3 DIFFERENT KINDS OF VIRTUAL REALITY. There is more than one type of virtual reality. Furthermore, there are different schema for classifying various types of. Computers Virtual Reality Software. Applications that allow you to create and view immersive true 3D worlds. Cincinnati Reds Media Guide. 2013 MEDIA GUIDE MLB might not make exciting reading. Download ford 2012 fusion. We have Media guide mlb PDF, DjVu, txt, doc. Watch Colorado Rockies games LIVE online with MLB.TV. 2012 Media Guide Domingo with Rockies Rockies Commercials Spill the 2015 cincinnati reds media guide Chicago White Sox Charities #SoxStories Car. Media Guides: Below is an advertisement. 2004 Media Guide (15 MB) 2002 Media Guide. 2013 Mississippi State Baseball Media Guide. El siglo del viento (Eduardo Galeano Fernando Birri)download from 4shared Files Photo Music. Y El siglo del viento. Eduardo Galeano Definici Memoria del fuego; de Eduardo Galeano: G. Memoria del fuego III: El siglo del viento de Eduardo Galeano. Autor: Eduardo Galeano. Formato: e. Pub + PDFSinopsis: Ein Werk des literarischen Schaffens, wie eine Trilogie konzipiert, in dem der Autor macht sich auf die Geschichte von Amerika sagen, offen zu legen ihren vielf. Der erste Band, Geburten, eine durch die Mythen der Ureinwohner und der Gr. Das Volumen erreicht zweiten, Gesichter und Masken, umfasst die achtzehnten und neunzehnten Jahrhundert wird angezeigt. Die Mosaic Vasto esta Geschichte mit diesem dritten Band geschlossen ist, das Jahrhundert der Wind, der bis zum heutigen Tag. Eduardo Galeano SIGLO XXI EDITORES Las venas abiertas. Los nacimientos (1982) 2. El siglo del viento (1986) El libro de los abrazos (1989) Nosotros decimos no (1989). El siglo del viento Eduardo Galeano. 3 siglo veintiuno editores, sa. 1929/Atlantic City El trust del crimen. El futbol-a-sol-y-sombra-de-eduardo-galeano-pdf 162 views. Share; Like; Download.Author by : Eduardo H. Galeano Languange : es Publisher by : Siglo XXI de Espa Los nacimientos (1982), Las caras y las m. El libro de los abrazos apareci. Resources on Recreation and Exercise « Montana Disability and Health Program. Montana Resources . MATOR offers the following services: free recreational equipment library; demonstration events; education and awareness; and a volunteer network. These organizations accept used adaptive equipment to re-furbish and provide it to families in need in the US or internationally. Montana Adaptive Equipment Program (MAEP) 700 SW Higgins Suite 250 Missoula, MT 59803 Ship-to Address for Loan Pool. Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services: Public Health and Safety Division: Cardiovascular Health/Nutrition and Physical Activity. Obesity/Physical Activity Program. Broadway, Rm. C3. Helena, MT 5. 96. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Crossing the Barriers Program Site has FWP’s Accessibility & Implementation Plans, regional lists of facilities rated by accessibility from “easy” to “most difficult”, disability- related articles from Montana Outdoors magazine, descriptions of available outdoor recreation activities, and information on fee exemptions. Montana Statewide Outdoor Recreation Plan, 2. North American Riding for the Handicapped Region 9 Affiliates NARHA Association affiliates from Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Parents, Let’s Unite for Kids publishes: Montana Recreation, Travel, & Camp Resource Handbook for People with Special Needs. Special Olympics of Montana Nonprofit international program of year- round sports training and athletic competition for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Device Demonstration – Get hands on experience with equipment. Device Loan – Borrow a device short term to try it out. The North Carolina Assistive Technology Program (NCATP) is a state and federally funded program that provides What is. Montana Adaptive Equipment Program Miscellaneous » Unclassified Add to My List Edit this Entry Rate it: (1.00 / 1 vote) Translation Find a translation for MAEP in other languages: Select another language: Embed Click to view: Image source: Embed as image. Transition Toolbox Search this site Toolbox Navigation 2013 Rural Institute Webinars and Calendar. Guide to Success: Navigating Montana's Developmental Disabilities Program Webinar - June 21, 2011 Social Security Work Incentives and Transition - May 17. The Montana SportsAbilities Calendar and Resource Guide to Adaptive Recreational Opportunities Activities for people with. Newsletter Calendars Resources Accessible Garage Adaptive Equipment Granting Organizations SA Motivation Posters Classified. Use of adaptive equipment for home and work Alternative methods of writing including Braille and writing guides. It receives funding through fundraisers done by the Montana Association for the Blind and Montana Shares. You may make contributions or. Visit Montana Official state travel site. VSA Arts of Montana Partners with the Departments of Dance and Music at the University of Montana to provide learning opportunities for people with disabilities and teacher and access training for University of Montana students who participate in VSA classes on campus. Traffic Safety Education Provides safety advice for pedestrians, motorists, and equipment maintenance. Pedestrian Safety for children Educates about the safety of children ages five to nine years with information on how to better protect them. Bicycle, In- Line Skating & Skateboarding Safety A guide on how to prevent accidents and identifying high risk situations. Return to Top. Montana Resources, by town (alphabetical order)Belgrade: The Rock Fitness Center 4. Group fitness training, personal training, nutrition and dietetics, physical therapy. Classes adjusted for all levels and all handicaps. Billings: (Aquatic)Billings Park and Recreation Aquatics (wheelchair accessible)Rose Park Pool and Waterslides 4. Swimming pool, wading pool, spray park, and waterslides. Open during summer. Eagle Mount Billings 4. Physically challenged swim, and beginner and intermediate swim. Vincent Health and Rehabilitation and Billings Family YMCA. Billings YMCA 4. 06- 2. Water aerobics and water exercise classes for adults and swimming classes for children. Weighted chair lift and floating belts available.(Fitness Centers/Indoor Classes)Curves Fitness Center for Women 4. Hydraulic equipment allows the user to make adjustments to the workout based on individual ability levels. Alternative classes also available. Billings Community Center 4. Senior recreation/fitness facilities & community center activities. Recreational classes & activities, health/wellness screenings & programs. Adult Enrichment Classes. Billings YMCA 4. A wide variety of Health and Fitness programs for all ages. Camps, summer programs, health and fitness consultations, and adult programs. Oz Fitness Center 4. Group fitness classes, team of trainers helping to ensure every customer reaches their individual health & fitness goals. Heights Fitness Center 4. Premium equipment, programs and specialized training. Discounted rates for seniors, and free 2 week trial membership.(Trails/Walking/Outdoor Options)Billings Parks & Recreation. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks: Crossing the Barriers Program Site has FWP’s Accessibility & Implementation Plans, regional lists of facilities rated by accessibility from “easy” to “most difficult”, disability- related articles from Montana Outdoors magazine, descriptions of available outdoor recreation activities, and information on fee exemptions. Pictograph State Park: A short, paved trail leads to a cave that holds rock paintings and other artifacts that date back over 2. Trails are flat, but not wheelchair accessible. Custer County Southeastern Montana Birding Trail. Lake Elmo State Park (wheelchair accessible): Swimming, bird watching, disabled fishing pier, and a paved trail. Pompey’s Pillar: Spectacular birdwatching. The interpretive center, restrooms, parking lot, and day use area are all fully accessible. Matthew’s Recreation Area (wheelchair accessible): Wheelchair accessible fishing platform and cement paved walking path. Swords Park (wheelchair accessible): A paved, gently rolling path that extends about two miles to the east along the rims north of town. Norm Schoenthal Island (wheelchair accessible): A level 1. Yellowstone River. Riverfront Park (wheelchair accessible): Paved and unpaved trails around Lake Josephine and through woodlands. Two Moon Park (wheelchair accessible) Various level gravel paths through woodlands. Zoo Montana 4. 06- 6. Zoological park and botanical gardens, offering habitat to exotic and native animals and plants.(Other Programs)Billings Parks & Recreation. Eagle Mount Billings 4. Hosts a wide range of therapeutic recreational activities for children and adults with disabilities: arts & crafts, golf, ice skating, aquatics, cycling, fishing, skiing, equestrian. STAR Riding Program, Inc., North American Riding for the Handicapped Association Premier Accredited Center, Kathy Barkell Kirk, 2. Bitterroot Dr., Billings, MT 5. Resource, Support & Development, Inc. Hydraulic- powered pool- side lift and easy access steps into the pool. The Arthritis Foundation offers aquatic programs in the warm- water pool. If you have a disability that requires assistance, please contact the ADA Coordinator, Melynda Coble at 5. The Ridge 4. 06- 5. Swimming pool, therapy pool with hydraulic lift, water classes and water therapy classes. Putting in a climbing boulder. A program providing wellness treatments such as yoga, massage, chiropractic, Pilates, and ear candling for low income and needy elderly persons from the community. Montana Senior Olympics 4. Competitive events for individuals ages 5. June. Bozeman Women’s Activity Group 4. Hiking and backcountry skiing groups are the group’s most popular activities, and there are also groups of eightball pool players, quilters, and bikers. Currently, over 2. BWAG activities. Gallatin Dog Club (wheelchair accessible). Contact Vicky Whitney, President: hvwhitney@msn. Monthly meeting held the second Tuesday of each month at 6: 0. Handicapped accessible pools- warmer pool has zero entry for rolling wheelchair into water and a water wheelchair available for use. Lap pool has a lift for entering and exiting. Arthritis water classes for seniors and aqua- aerobics classes also available. Montana Tech (4. 06) 4. Call for times the pool is open to the public.(Fitness Centers/Indoor Classes)Butte YMCA 4. Recreation/fitness facilities & community center activities. Recreational classes & activities for seniors, family programs, and youth fitness programs. Elevator access. Big Sky Senior Living Center (4. Colleen. Its goal is to be a one- stop resource for comprehensive accessibility information for all Montana public recreation lands. The project strives to provide relevant accessibility data using GIS mapping, GPS technology, and a variety of other informational sources to help individuals plan outings at accessible recreational sites. This pilot program is currently limited to Missoula and Ravalli counties. If financial support can be secured, the project will expand to include other areas of Montana and eventually the entire state. Its goal is to be a one- stop resource for comprehensive accessibility information for all Montana public recreation lands. The project strives to provide relevant accessibility data using GIS mapping, GPS technology, and a variety of other informational sources to help individuals plan outings at accessible recreational sites. This pilot program is currently limited to Missoula and Ravalli counties. If financial support can be secured, the project will expand to include other areas of Montana and eventually the entire state. Shooting Star Ranch Therapeutic Riding Program, 3. Hairpin Lane, Darby, MT 5. Great Falls: (Aquatic)Morony Natatorium Pool 4. Equipped with a hydraulic- powered, pool- side lift. Open swim is held on Friday from 4- 9 p. Aquatic Solutions, a program designed for individuals who have orthopedic injuries, MS, spinal injuries, stroke, or arthritis also offered. Eagle Mount Great Falls Therapeutic Aquatics Program 4. Water aerobics, swim skill classes, and therapeutic action plans designed with the individual’s goals and objectives in mind. Hydraulic equipment allows the user to make adjustments to the workout based on individual ability levels. Alternative classes also available. The Peak Health and Wellness Center 4. Circuit training, classes, and stretching for seniors, as well as water classes for people with back problems, arthritis, etc. Designed for people of all fitness levels. Playground equipment is wheelchair accessible. Thain Creek Trail This 0. Thain Creek Campground. It is level, but unpaved. Ulm Pishkun/First Peoples Buffalo Jump State Park (wheelchair accessible) Picnicking, hiking, animal watching, and a museum. Giant Springs State Park (wheelchair accessible) Wildlife viewing, boating, fishing, picnicking, and interpretive programs. Pre- registration is required. Havre: Helena: (Aquatic)Broadwater Athletic Clubs and Hot Springs 4. Three natural hot springs pools & spas, and water slides incorporated in this family fitness center. Memorial Park Swimming Pool 4. The outdoor swimming pool is a 5. Hydraulic equipment allows the user to make adjustments to the workout based on individual ability levels. Alternative classes also available. Helena YMCA 4. 06- 4. Recreation/fitness facilities & community center activities. Our library can be accessed from certain countries only. Please, see if you are eligible to read or download our Psychometric Success Mechanical Reasoning Answers content by creating an account. You must create a free account in order to read or download this book. Graduate psychometric test workbook - download at 4shared.
Psychometric Tests Used in Selection A guide to: . Graduate psychometric test workbook - sections on. Mike Bryon is an expert in psychometrics and training solutions. He is also the author of The Advanced Numeracy Test Workbook, The Numeracy Test Workbook, How to Pass Graduate Psychometric Tests, Graduate Psychometric Test. How to Pass Graduate Psychometric Tests 978 0 7494 6799 9 How to Pass the Life in the UK Test 978 0 7494 5723 5. IQ and Psychometric Test Workbook 978 0 7494 6261 1 Management Level Psychometric Assessments 978 0 7494 5691 7.
Los Aceites Esenciales . El uso adecuado de los Aceites Esenciales fomenta una vida equilibrada y sana. PROPIEDADES ACEITES ESENCIALES ALBAHACA BAS. Reafirmante de los tejidos. Propiedades de los aceites esenciales 1. Alcanfor: da calor y estimula 2. 9 Buscador d elibros PDF; 8 Libro Verde y Rojo de los Transg La aromaterapia es algo m. Asimismo, la aromaterapia no puede separarse de: el respeto por los principios b. En este libro, Tisserand expone los usos y propiedades de los principales aceites esenciales, nos relata su apasionante historia, describe los principios de la terapia natural para la cura del cuerpo y la mente o el cuidado de la piel, y nos ofrece un buen n. Propiedades del Aceite – Aceites. 6gotas de una mezcla de aceites esenciales de Ravensara aromatica y. PROPIEDADES DE LOS ACEITES ESENCIALES. Se aplica para dolores e inflamaciones y para los estados de enojo y humor col The Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010 amended the EIAP, reducing the qualifying fabric requirement from 3 to 2 (see figure). HOPE II also mandated GAO to review the effectiveness of the EIAP and to look for. Haiti Economy 2016, CIA World. Haiti's most serious impediments to economic growth. Haiti's economy suffered a severe setback in January. HOPE II until 2020 under the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act. North Industrial Park in Haiti. Congress’s passage of the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act in May 2010 was a critical catalyst by significantly. HOPE II and modified in 2010 by HELP. Haiti Trade Preference Programs. Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements. Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act of 2010. Trade Policy and the Caribbean: From Trade Preferences to Free Trade Agreements Congress. Poverty- Wage Assembly Plants as Development Strategy in Haiti: An Interview with the Center for the Promotion of Women Workers. The U. S. Congress has passed bi- partisan legislation, the Haiti Economic Lift Program (HELP) Act, that would extend and expand current trade law with Haiti to increase U. S. Passed May 5 and 6 by the House and Senate, respectively, the bill is part of the push by U. S., U. N., other international leaders, and businesses to expand the low- wage assembly industry as the linchpin of Haiti's post- earthquake recovery. President Obama is expected to sign the bill into law. Bush and Bill Clinton about the bill. Most factory workers live direly impoverished lives on the industry minimum wage of 1. US$3. 0. 9) per day, without the opportunity to raise their pay, learn skills, or advance professionally. The right to unionize is protected in the constitution, but prohibited in practice by the standard management response of firing workers who attempt to form unions. The Canadian apparel manufacturer Gilden Activewear, for example, decided to quit Haiti within one day of the January 1. Haiti- based operations to the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Honduras instead. Repetitive motion injuries and failing eyesight are only two of common occupational hazards. Nor does the assembly industry offer a model of sustainable or sovereign national development. The products made in Haiti's textile factories are not generally made out of Haitian fabric or on Haitian- made machinery. Once assembled, the goods are not consumed in Haiti but are shipped abroad. Haiti's only role in the process is as a stopover in the production process, where cheap labor keeps profit margins high. The HELP Act expands on the Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement Act of 2. HOPE II), which removes tariffs on certain types and quantities of Haitian- assembled garments into the U. S. HELP would increase the volume of fabrics that are eligible to be imported into the U. S. It would also extend to 2. The U. S is joined by the U. N. The textile industry had already been given a leading role, prior to the earthquake, in the U. N.'s development plan for Haiti. The blueprint, written in 2. Oxford University professor, Paul Collier, said, . It is truly important that this opportunity should be taken. Secretary- General Ban Ki- moon said of his trip to Haiti with U. N. Special Envoy to Haiti Bill Clinton: . We visited a textile factory, employing thousands of people that could easily become a prototype for many others.. We friends of Haiti must work with the government and the private sector to create jobs and spur economic growth by taking full advantage of openings to international markets. Haitian social movements have insisted that post- earthquake redevelopment must lead toward a just and equitable economy. For specific proposals, see . Discussion at the recent international donor conference on Haiti in New York on March 3. According to the plan, . Textile factories will play a critical role there. It claims that the success of these areas will . On March 2. 4, the Minister of Commerce announced the creation of three new free trade zones in and around Port- au- Prince. Mirlene Joanis, the Director of Communications for the Center for the Promotion of Women Workers, has a different view of development. She spoke from the Center's office, which is surrounded by factories in Port- au- Prince's industrial park. This industry can't lead to development in Haiti because it's so unstable. That's the mark of this sector: instability. Today people find a job, tomorrow the factory goes somewhere else and they no longer have their jobs. Regardless, the factories gets franchise privileges and tax privileges. The minimum wage is so low; it can't resolve anyone's daily problems. And it's not just money; the workers have to have social advantages, such as the right to housing, right to health care, right to hygiene, to take transportation, right to food.. They just buy tanks of untreated water in trucks; people have to buy their own little plastic sacks of water out of their 1. But in a context where people's rights are not respected, it can't relieve the misery of the people. Even the movement for the minimum wage to be raised to 2. Many lost their job as a result. The boss has money, he can call the minister. When the worker goes to ask for her rights to be respected, that means nothing. She can organize a union, but the boss will fire her immediately, and then there's no more union. Some groups are considered human beings, others aren't. Some have rights, others don't. As long as that is not resolved, they can come in with all the billions of dollars in reconstruction they want, but without the principle of respect for rights, we're not going anywhere. It's just going from bad to worse, with no relief of the workers' misery in sight. House passes textile trade bill for Haiti. A Report for the Secretary- General of the United Nations. Secretary- General Ban Ki- moon, Remarks at High- level Donor Conference on Haiti, Washington, D. C., April 1. 4, 2. She is also associate fellow of the Institute for Policy Studies. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
January 2017
Categories |